![]() Working in teams of nine, each keeping watch for two hours, they intend to maintain a 72-hour vigil, one hour for every person killed in the Sharpeville shootings.Ī 1961 photo of Nelson Mandela, then a 42-year-old, political activist and an able heavyweight boxer and physical culturist. Members of the Anti-apartheid League, wearing black armbands bearing the names of the African townships of Sharpeville and Langa in white letters, stand in line along the pavement in front of Lancaster House, London, on March 8, 1961, where the Comonwealth Prime Ministers Conference is being held. This group carried ancient rifles to dance their symbolic battle against apartheid. Thousands of Africans from country villages flocked into Accra after Kwame Nkrumah, the Prime Minister, had announced GhanaÂs total boycott against the union of South Africa. Sixty-nine were killed including 8 women and 10 children and hundreds injured in the shooting.ĭressed in colourful uniforms with a leopard-skin pattern, Africans swing into a war dance against apartheid during demonstrations in Accra, Ghana on August 1, 1960. They were demonstrating against the law requiring black South Africans to carry passes. This is the gathering crowd at the African township of Sharpeville, south of Johannesburg, South Africa, March 21, 1960, a few hours before white police opened fire on them with Bren-guns. These signs tell their own story of the divided society in South Africa, in Johannesburg. South African natives are not permitted to use them. Park benches like this are reserved for whites only. Hundreds of blacks had publicly burned their old passes during a recent campaign of defiance against the Apartheid government. Date: Ĭhildren sit on bench along waterfront in Durban, a big modern city on the Indian Ocean, May 27, 1960. The South African government enforces every black man to carry this document, before he is allowed to move around the country and work. Hundreds of Africans, who had publicly burned their passes during recent campaign of defiance against the Apartheid government, picked up new passes needed by all black South Africans for employment.īlack South African workers are seen as they line up at a pass office in Johannesburg, South Africa, on April 8, 1960, to apply for new internal passbooks. Date: Ī Black South African shows his new passbook obtained from government officials in Johannesburg, April 7, 1960. South Africa’s racial segregation policies still trouble the nation. South African police beat African women with clubs in Durban in 1959, when the women raided and set fire to a beer hall in protest against police action against their home brewing activities. But – according to all the principles of morality – it was his, is his, and must remain his.” ” … the white man, therefore, not only has an undoubted stake in – and right to – the land which he developed into a modern industrial state from denuded grassland and empty valleys and mountains. So it was basically through this determinism – found both in social science and religion – that apartheid was justified.”Īmsterdam-born Hendrick Verwoerd was South Africa’s president between 19: And their assorted theoreticians, academics and others argued the case for the separation of colours. “Their churches found theological justification for apartheid. “Most Afrikaaners are Calvinists and there is a strong streak of determinism in their makeup. “The way Afrikaners justified apartheid was to say it was God-ordained,” said Stanley Uys. Then, racially mixed marriages were prohibited, as well as what was called ‘immorality’ between the races – that is, sexual relations. Although there wasn’t a single administrative district in South Africa in which Africans did not outnumber whites, the party’s ‘social engineers’ started to draw the dividing lines. And among the first measures were statutes to separate the residential areas, not only of Africans and whites, but also of mixed race people and Indians. “Faced with an immense problem, the National Party came up with an immense solution. South African political expert Stanley Uys: IN the 1960s, South Africa was ruled by white supremacists.
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